Also known as Non insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, is a chronic disease which occurs when there is too much glucose found in a person’s blood. About 90 percent of diabetics have Type 2 diabetes.
In Type 2 diabetes, the pancreas produces insulin, made in the beta cells of the pancreas. Insulin is used to transport glucose, a simple sugar, into the cells of the body but the insulin is unable to be taken into the cells due to a lack of function in the cells receptors. This glucose is used by the cells as fuel, and is necessary for normal body functions. If the cells can’t get the glucose that they need, it cannot be used as energy and is left stuck in the blood stream. Since the problem with Type 2 diabetes lies in processing the insulin that is being made, the pancreas cannot determine what is wrong and steps up insulin production to try and make up for it. Type 2 diabetes is the most common form of diabetes, with Type I diabetes being present in as few as 3% of all new diabetes diagnoses.
It is commonly found in obese adults over age 45. But it is also possible for younger patients to have Type 2 diabetes. The reason for this is that fat may cause cells in the body to create an insulin resistance. Since the cells cannot receive insulin, the sugar we ingest remains in the bloodstream, just as in Type I diabetes. To aid Type 2, weight loss and oral medications are the most commonly prescribed solutions.
While Type I diabetes has a sudden onset, Type 2 diabetes occurs gradually. It is often found to occur in conjunction with obesity. The buildup of glucose in the bloodstream can result in a condition known as hyperglycemia. When people have an insulin resistance, which is the common cause of Type 2 diabetes, high blood sugar levels are commonly found as well. People that are obese have a high risk of insulin resistance due to the fact that high levels of fat can interfere with the body’s insulin usage. Although this condition is commonly found in the overweight, thin people can also develop the disease and be a Type 2 diabetic. Elderly people are also very at risk for developing Type 2. Other key factors that may determine a person’s risk for Type 2 diabetes include the following:
Excessive body fat, especially when found around the waist areaA history of having gestational diabetesA HDL cholesterol level that is above 250mg/dL or one that is lower than 35mg/dLBeing older than 45 years of agePoor diet, and low levels of exerciseBeing African-American, Hispanic, or Native AmericanWeight loss, exercise, change of diet and oral medications are used to control Type 2 diabetes.
Many diabetics can be controlled satisfactorily by a single daily injection of insulin. However, patients with very unstable diabetes may need two or even more injections of insulin per day for a satisfactory control.
The statistics of Americans who have diabetes is staggering. About one third of these people do not even know they have diabetes. Damage to the body may occur before the disease is diagnosed. If you have a family history of diabetes, be aware of the symptoms. If you show signs of diabetes, increased urination, increased thirst, and a sudden weight gain or loss, you should contact your family doctor.
If you think that you may be at risk for Type 2 diabetes, there are many symptoms to check for to see if you should research the disease further. If you find yourself constantly thirsty, needing to urinate too often, and having an increased appetite, it might be a good idea to check with your doctor to see if you may have this disease.
Type 2 diabetes can be diagnosed through three commonly used methods: the Oral glucose tolerance test, the Random blood glucose level test, and the Fasting blood glucose level test. These tests can determine if your glucose levels are high enough to be associated with a insulin resistance problem that could denote Type 2 diabetes.
The main test for checking for diabetes is to monitor the blood sugar levels of a person at various points before and after meals. This can gauge whether or not the body is processing and using insulin as it needs to. There is another test, which is known as the glycosylated hemoglobin test. Also referred to as HbA1c, this test is not commonly used to check for diabetes. Developed in the late 1970s, this test helps to show the average blood sugar levels of a person during the last two to three months. It is commonly used to help gauge general baselines for what a person with diabetes’ blood sugar levels are at, and to see if there is an improvement in the levels of a person over a long period of time.
If diagnosed, there are many treatments and medications available to help alleviate the symptoms and prolong your life and have a different approach to Type 2 Diabetes. And again, contact your doctor and have him perform a urine and blood test examinations to determine if you have diabetes.
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